Posted by Joel Leusink on February 28, 2011 under Ozone Generators | 
We are commonly asked how to measure output or verify that an Ozone Generator produces the amount of ozone the manufacture claims. This tech sheet will cover how to measure the output of your high concentration Ozone Generator.
hour (g/hr), also known as ozone output. The ozone measurement instrument will read percent by weight (%), or grams per meter cubed (g/m3), also known as ozone concentration. To mathematically determine the g/hr (ozone output) from % by weight, or g/m3 (ozone concentration) you will need to determine the flow rate of the Ozone Generator in liters per minute (LPM). The calculations to use when you have determined the gas flow rate and concentration are below:
From percent by weight using oxygen as a feed gas:
Ozone Output (g/hr) =(( LPM x 0.001) x 60) x(14.3 x % by weight)
From percent by weight using dry air as a feed gas:
Ozone Output (g/hr) =(( LPM x 0.001) x 60) x(12.8 x % by weight)
From g/m3:
Ozone Output (g/hr) = ((LPM x 60) x 0.001) x g/m3
Another resource we offer is a handy online calculator. Just enter your flow and concentration values and we do the work!
Confused about all these units? Click HERE for an explanation of ozone units.
Note:
When using percent by weight to measure ozone concentration, the calculation to determine ozone output is different because the density of the gas is different. Due to the difference in the density of the gas, there are separate conversion formulas used to determine the output of an Ozone Generator (as shown above).
Ozone Measurement Device
A related question is which ozone measurement device should be used to facilitate these measurements. The short answer is, only a high concentration ozone analyzer. Note that the units of measure used are percent by weight and g/m3. This is due to the high concentrations of ozone produced by most Ozone Generators. We are also asked why parts per million (ppm) is not used as a unit of measure. Let me provide a quick example using a very small Ozone Generator.
An Ozone Generator producing 2 g/hr ozone from 10 LPM of air would produce 0.26% ozone concentration.
2 g/hr = ((10 LPM x 0.001) x 60) x (12.8 x 0.26% by weight)
0.26% ozone = 1573 ppm conversion info here
At only 2 g/hr of ozone output the ppm value is already 1573 ppm. The parts per million (ppm) unit of measure is just not conducive to these calculations. Therefore it is rarely, if ever, used when calculating generator output.
The high concentrations that are created limit the number of ozone measurement devices that can be used, which is why the process is restricted to high concentration UV ozone analyzers.
The diagram below shows an example of a system setup to measure the output of an Ozone Generator.
Components Needed:
Other Important Considerations:
When choosing an Ozone Analyzer, ensure that the analyzer you are purchasing operates within the range that you will be operating within. Some Ozone Analyzers are limited to low ranges only, so ensure that you choose a device capable of reading a higher concentration of ozone than you will ever need to measure.
Also ensure that the analyzer you are purchasing will measure ozone concentration using the units of measure that you desire. If choosing an analyzer that measure ozone in percent (%) by weight, be sure to specify whether you are using oxygen or dry air gas. Some analyzers may be only factory configurable and cannot be configured by the user.
Gas flow is a very critical component of the calculations used to measure ozone output. A small deviation in actual flow measurement will result in a large error in the resulting ozone output figure. Since this is such an important value, we recommend using a high quality Mass Flow Meter to measure the total gas flow entering the Ozone Generator. A Mass Flow Meter will measure total gas flow. This measurement is also pressure compensated to eliminate that potential variable. Using the Mass Flow Meter prior to the Ozone Generator will remove the possibility of ozone corroding the delicate components inside the Mass Flow Meter.
Most high concentration Ozone Analyzers will only require a very small gas flow rate. This will require a small flow meter to regulate and measure that gas flow. An advantage of this small flow rate is that the Ozone Analyzer could be used as an on-line measurement device. If the Ozone Generator uses a gas flow rate of 20 LPM and the analyzer will only consume 1 LPM for accurate measurement, this setup only requires a 5% slipstream of the ozone gas.
click here for to view this information on our website and find more information that may be helpful.
For questions on how to measure the output of your ozone generator, or for information on the products you may need contact our application engineers for more information. We cal also perform in-house testing of ozone generators to provide 3rd party validation for your ozone generator output measurements.
Posted by Joel Leusink on February 24, 2011 under Ozone Products |
A few days ago I made a few diagrams of typical uses of Ozone Destruct Units. I thought I would share them with you.
Posted by Joel Leusink on under Ozone Safety |
Posted by Joel Leusink on February 21, 2011 under Ozone Products |
Check valves are a big deal in the ozone world. This is the cheapest and easiest method of preventing water back flow into an Ozone Generator. There are a variety of check valves and many different applications where they are used. Due to the questions about check valves, I recently put together a list of information to help sort through the options.
Which Check Valve is Right for Me?
This information is listed HERE at our Check Valve Page.
CVLP – Low Pressure Check Valve
- Low pressure check valve for low pressure (less than 25 PSI)
- Free floating diaphragm will seal with very small pressure differentials
- Very low crack pressure < 0.25 PSI
- Free floating diaphragm will not provide a positive seal every time, expect some water leakage through seal
- Barbed fittings make this an easy check valve to install
- Kynar construction and Viton seal will be ozone resistant up to ~5% ozone, also ozone by-products can deteriorate Viton seal
CVHP – High Pressure Check Valve
- High pressure check valve for high pressures (up to 200 PSI)
- Stainless steel spring and ball provide positive, tight seal
- Crack pressure of ~2 PSI – (crack pressure may vary between valves)
- Crack pressure of ~2 PSI – (crack pressure may vary between valves)
- Male NPT connections require threaded connections to this valve
- Kynar construction and Viton seal will be ozone resistant up to ~5% ozone, also ozone by-products can deteriorate Viton seal
CVSS – Stainless Steel Check Valve
- High pressure check valve for high pressures (up to 200 PSI)
- Stainless steel spring and ball provide positive, tight seal
- Standard valve uses 0.5 PSI crack pressure, other crack pressures are available upon request
- Open design offers very high flow, and very little flow restriction
- Female NPT connections require threaded connections to this valve
- Viton, or PTFE seal designs are available on stainless steel valves
- PTFE seal will be most ozone resistant and longest lasting seal available.
- Viton seal will be ozone resistant up to ~5% ozone, also ozone by-products can deteriorate Viton seal.
- Viton is very pliable and will offer the most reliable seal.
- PTFE is very rigid, small particulates will keep this material from offering a positive seal.
Posted by Joel Leusink on February 16, 2011 under Ozone Products, Ozone Safety |
We are commonly asked how to destroy ozone. Then, we are asked what ozone destruct device is right for a specific application. So, I thought I would try to address a few common questions.
Ozone Destruct Unit Information
Which Ozone Destruct Unit is right for me?
While all Ozone Destruct Units are designed to perform the same task, to destroy ozone, there are differences in these devices that will affect the performance of each within the specific application. There are a few factors for you to consider that will narrow your search very quickly.
- Will you require a High Concentration Ozone Destruct Unit, or an Ambient Air Ozone Destruct Unit?
- Will the air stream be a Wet air stream, or a Dry air stream?
- What is the initial ozone concentration and what is the desired effluent ozone concentration?
Follow the information below to narrow down your search to determine the right product for your specific application.
What is a High Concentration Ozone Destruct Unit?
The term high concentration refers to any ozone concentration above the immediately dangerous to life or health (5 ppm). Usually this means the excess ozone is a by-product of an ozone process. A few examples of this may be:
- Ozone Off-gassed from a contact tank
- Ozone within a disinfection chamber
- Ozone in a vent hood
At Ozone Solutions, we designate our high concentration Ozone Destruct Units with the prefix ODS. Our ODS Ozone Destruct Units will operate with ozone concentrations up to 20% by weight. The ODS Ozone Destruct Units are passive devices meaning there is no integrated device to move air through the unit, air flow must be provided by the customers application. These Destruct Units are sized on air flow in CFM. For example, the ODS-3 is a high concentration Ozone Destruct Unit that is rated for 3 CFM of air flow.
What is an Ambient Air Ozone Destruct Unit?
Ambient air Ozone Destruct Units operate within environments much as the name implies, in the ambient air. These devices are used to remove ozone within occupied space, or space where ozone levels need to be lowered for a process. A typical application may be within a laboratory chamber where ozone will negatively affect a test or process. A few other applications may be the following:
At Ozone Solutions we designate our ambient air Ozone Destruct Units with the prefix NT. Out NT Ozone Destruct Units have integrated fans to move air through the destruct unit. These units are sized on air flow in CFM. For example, the NT-70 is an ambient air Ozone Destruct Unit that moves 70 CFM of air.
What is a Wet Air Stream?
A wet air stream is any air stream from a water application. This usually means an ozone contact tank, or water storage tank. This air will be moisture laden and have a high humidity level. The catalyst material inside the Ozone Destruct Unit will be destroyed by condensation. To destroy ozone in a wet air stream the Ozone Destruct Unit must be manufactured to prevent moisture from condensing on the catalyst. Also, a wet air stream must pass through the Ozone Destruct Unit at ½ the flow rate of dry air to achieve the same efficiency. Ozone Destruct Units designed to operate in a wet air stream must be larger, and hold more catalyst to work efficiently.
At Ozone Solutions we designate Ozone Destruct Units designed for wet air streams with the H suffix. For example, the ODS-3H would be suitable for a wet air stream, while the ODS-3 would only be suitable for a dry air stream.
ODS-H destruct units are manufactured with a heater to warm the air and catalyst inside the Ozone Destruct Unit. Also, they feature an air gap that will equalize the air flow and speed. There is also piping used in the ODS-H series to ensure the air is properly warmed prior to contacting the catalyst, and for the potential of condensed moisture to drop via gravity back into the incoming tubing.
What is a Dry Air Stream?
A dry air stream is any air stream without condensation. Normal ambient humidity levels up to 85% should be considered a dry air stream. Any of Ozone Solutions Ozone Destruct Units will be suitable for a dry air stream.
How do I determine the effluent ozone concentration?
This is an important but commonly overlooked factor when choosing the right Ozone Destruct Unit. At Ozone Solutions all of our Ozone Destruct Units are sized and rated air flow in CFM. There is also an efficiency rating for each Ozone Destruct Unit. Either 99.96% for the ODS series, or 99% efficiency for the NT series of Ozone Destruct Units. This efficiency rating is at the maximum air flow for each device. For example, the NT-70 will destroy 99% of the ozone gas in a 70 CFM air stream.
Here are a few more examples:
NT-70 operating at 70 CFM and 5 ppm ozone concentration will result in a 0.05 ppm ozone concentration. 1% of 5 ppm = 0.05 ppm
ODS-3 operating at 3 CFM and 10% ozone concentration will result in a 0.004% ozone concentration. 0.04% of 10% ozone = 0.004% ozone = 24.2 ppm. A flow rate of 3 CFM at 24.2 ppm ozone is still well above the OSHA level of safety, and a potentially dangerous situation.
ODS-3 operating at 1 CFM and 5% ozone concentration will result in a very low ozone concentration. At 1 CFM the ozone level is lowered by 99.96% three times. 5% ozone concentration reduced by 99.96% three times will result in a value of ozone well below detectable limits.
What happens to the ozone?
The ozone (O3) is catalyzed back into oxygen (O2) through a catalytic process using the ozone destruct catalyst. This is completely a catalytic reaction requiring no consumables.
What is the catalyst material:
The catalyst used inside all of the ODS Ozone Destruct Units is Carulite 200 manufactured by Carus Chemical Company. The NT series of Ozone Destruct Units use a proprietary honeycomb material to break down ozone.
Do you have an MSDS for Carus-200?
Yes, go here MSDS.
Will I have to replace my catalyst?
While the ozone destruction process is a catalytic reaction the catalyst will still become unusable after time. Moisture, duct, VOC’s, and other contaminates in the air will eventually either poison, contaminate, or break down the catalyst inside the destruct unit. We recommend replacing the catalyst inside your ODS series Ozone Destruct Units every two (2) years. Replacement catalyst can be purchased Here.
This information can also be found on our website HERE.
This is a fairly dry read. If you have other questions, or want more information, feel free to call our application engineers to help find the right ozone destruct device for you.
Posted by Joel Leusink on February 14, 2011 under Ozone News, Ozone Safety, Uncategorized |
We are often asked to help calculate ozone demands, convert values, or well… you get the point. For many years we had a page on our website that covered many of the commonly used ozone conversions. However, this still required you to get out your calculator, or heaven forbid, a pen and paper!
Due to popular demand we created a web page that does the work for you. That’s right, just enter your numbers, click Calculate, and we give you the answer. To see for yourself, click here to visit our Ozone Formulas page.
This page will help you with the following calculations:
- Ozone Generation (g/hr) to achieve Ozone dosage rates (ppm) into water flow (GPM)
- Output of an Ozone Generator (g/hr) based on concentration (%) and flow rate ( LPM)
- Output of an Ozone Generator (g/hr) based on concentration (g/m3) and flow rate ( LPM)
- Output of an Ozone Generator (mg/hr) based on concentration (ppm) and flow rate ( CFM)
- Adjusted flow for pressurized flow meters
Try these out and see what you think. We would appreciate your feedback on any other calculation that would be helpful to you. Let us know your thoughts, and we would be happy to provide other tools to help you in your on-going ozone engineering quests.
Posted by Joel Leusink on February 11, 2011 under Food Industry |
Ozone has been used in the flour milling industry for various uses for many years now. Dissolved Ozone has been used in the wheat tempering process, and gaseous ozone has been used in the flour for microbe control. Recently Ozone Solutions was involved in using ozone for shelf life extension of the Bran product.
For this application ozone gas was introduced into bran agitators to lower bacteria, yeast, and mold counts. Ozone Solutions provided an Ozone Generator within a NEMA 4 enclosure to be used for this process. Two sealed bran agitators were used to mix the ozone with the bran product.
Bran Agitators used to mix bran and inject ozone into bran
This pictures shows the bran agitators that were used. The ozone was injected into two ports on top of the mixer on the far end of the picture. The wall mount ozone generator that was producing the ozone necessary for this process is seen in the background.
Another view of the Bran Agitators
This system has recently become operational. Testing and lab data will be obtained over the next few months.
Feel free to contact our office with any questions on this new application. If you would like to find out more about putting our ozone experience to use for you, contact our application engineers.
Posted by Becky on February 3, 2011 under Food Industry, Ozone Products, Uncategorized |
Did you know that the fruits and vegetables in your refrigerator have likely been treated with ozone? Ozone kills bacteria which makes your food last at least twice as long and up to four times longer than the normal shelf life. With the Fridgezone GH-2138 you can do what the Food Industry has been doing for years… in your very own fridge!
Put the Fridgezone in your fridge and let run and see the results in a few days!
To learn more about the advantages of using ozone in the food processing see the links below:
To see some of Ozone Solutions bigger systems used for Food Processing see the links below:
